What concerns it, therefore, is no longer the act of positing itself, but the specific determinateness of that which is posited, since it is this and nothing else that establishes its externality in the first place. ISBN 0-521-33035-1. In and of themselves, each Real Measure retains its Qualitative indifference to all others, even those it has Affinity for. Seen from within the One there is only one One, but at the same time the One only exists in the first place through its negative external relation to other Ones, i.e., for there to be the one One there must be Many Ones that mutually Exclude one another. Hegel shows that the true idea can only be based upon valid reasoning and objectivity. Since it is arbitrary which one Real Measure in such a series will serve as the Unit, there are as many incommensurable series of Measure relations as there are individual Real Measures. This Hegel calls (b) the Infinite Progress. Notional (begrifflich) movement with respect to Being and Nothing is called Becoming, and takes the form of reciprocal Coming-to-Be (Entstehen) and Ceasing-to-Be (Vergehen). Since no new Quality has been taken on, we cannot call this transition a Becoming, but rather a Repulsion, i.e., the positing of (c) Many Ones. For Finite things, "the hour of their birth is the hour of their death. [76], Real Measure gives us a new standpoint external to the different Measures being brought into relation with each other, this relation now designating the independent existence of an actual physical Something. Hegel characterizes this sort of reasoning as a "witch's circle" in which "phenomena and phantoms run riot.". Wissenschaft Der Logik (3 Volumes) G. W. F. Hegel's Werke, Dritter Band: Erster Theil, Die Objective Logik, Erste Abtheilung, Die Lehre Vom Senn. Indem die Logik Wissenschaft der absoluten Form ist, so muß dieß Formelle, damit es ein Wahres seye, an ihm selbst einen Inhalt haben, welcher seiner Form gemäß sey, und um so mehr, da das logische Formelle die reine Form, also das logische Wahre, die reine Wahrheit selbst seyn muß. Every Quality is connected to, and in equilibrium with, its corresponding other. [36], As a consequence of having overcome this relativity, however, both sides of the relationship between Something and Other are now also in equal relation to the Infinite Being that they have become Ideal moments of. Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik. When this negation itself is negated, which is called "absolute negation," what a Determinate Being is, is no longer dependent on what it is not for its own determination, but becomes an actual particular Something in its own right: a Being-Within-Self. Instead of reprinting, as requested, Hegel undertook some revisions. If the constant is given, then the Quantum on any one side of the ratio could be any Number, and the Number on the other side will automatically be determined. The task of extinguishing this opposition within consciousness Hegel believed he had already accomplished in his book Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807) with the final attainment of Absolute Knowing: "Absolute knowing is the truth of every mode of consciousness because ... it is only in absolute knowing that the separation of the object from the certainty of itself is completely eliminated: truth is now equated with certainty and certainty with truth. Band 5, Frankfurt a. M. 1979, S. 11.: Erster Teil. 3 (1 Review) Published: 1841. Although it "knows" that the Illusory Being it finds immediately before it has been posited by none other than itself, External Reflection nevertheless regards this Being as something external to it from which it returns to itself. Dette er kun et par af de nyeste bøger om Hegel. Real Measures, however, are also subject to internal alteration akin to what has already been discussed in "Measure" above, i.e., that its Quality can be maintained only within a certain Quantitative range beyond which it undergoes a sudden "leap" into another Quality. This Something gains its Qualitative determination from the Quantitative (a) combination between two Measures immanent in it, i.e., volume and weight. Because it is the nature of the One to be purely self-related, their relation to one another is in fact a non-relation, i.e., takes place externally in the Void. By 1831, Hegel completed a greatly revised and expanded version of the ‘Doctrine of Being’, but had no time to revise the rest of the book. [39], This (a) One in its Own Self, standing in negative relation to all its preceding moments, is entirely differentiated from each of them. [91], With Positing Reflection, the Illusory Being that was posited was only a means for Essence's mediation with itself. From the standpoint of the one One, then, there are no other Ones, that is, its relation to them is one of (a) Exclusion. Die völlige Umänderung, welche die philosophische Denkweise seit etwa fünfundzwanzig Jahren unter uns erlitten, der höhere Standpunkt, den das Selbstbewußtsein des Geistes in dieser Zeitperiode über sich erreicht hat, hat bisher noch wenig Einfluß auf die Gestalt der Logik gehabt. [84], B. Indifference as Inverse Ratio of its Factors, Taken in its immediacy, this Indifference is simply the result of all the different determinatenesses that emerge within it. [72], So long as we arbitrarily use the Quantitative properties of some Quality or other as a Rule to Measure the magnitude of other Qualities, we abstract from it its Qualitative nature. Fragt man sich, zu welchen Ergebnissen die may be given as prime grounds (i.e. Being cannot therefore simply preserve itself as an Other relative to Essence, but, having been sublated by Essence, it has for that very reason itself become nothingness, a non-essence, Illusory Being. G. W. F. Hegel: Wissenschaft der Logik. From the standpoint of this Ideal One, both Repulsion and Attraction now presuppose each other, and, taken one step further, each presupposes itself as mediated by the other. However, a Number is also a specific Determinate Being that encloses an aggregate of Units while excluding from itself other such aggregates. Werke,Band 06 - Wissenschaft der Logik II | G.W.F Hegel | download | B–OK. Ditto the Negative. Hegel calls this "abstract negation". The category of Identity itself, however, is not determined by whatever it is that it is applied to, but by its reflection off of Difference back into itself. Pages: 0. Indem die Logik Wissenschaft der absoluten Form ist, so muß dieß Formelle, damit es ein Wahres seye, an ihm selbst einen Inhalt haben, welcher seiner Form gemäß sey, und um so mehr, da das logische Formelle die reine Form, also das logische Wahre, die reine Wahrheit selbst seyn muß. [81], Measure, being the unity of Quality and Quantity, now transitions into its version of the Infinite, the Measureless, which accordingly is the unity of the Qualitative and Quantitative Infinites. This identity in the Unit constitutes the Continuity of Number. Hegel considered it one of his major works and therefore kept it up to date through revision. It is therefore by their common Limits that Somethings and Others are mediated with one another and mutually define each other's inner Qualities. Wissenschaft der Logik by Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831. [87], The immediate characteristic displayed by Essence, once it finally emerges from Being, is simply that it is not Being. This sameness is Continuity, the moment of Attraction within Quantity. [88], The Difference of Reflection must be distinguished from the Otherness of Determinate Being. Logic. These different Qualities form Nodes on a line of gradual Quantitative increase or decrease. Hegel heute Zur „Wissenschaft der Logik“ (II)* Von L. Bruno PUNTEL (München) Angesichts der sich intensivierenden Beschäftigung mit Hegels Wissenschaft der Logik (= WL) wird es immer schwieriger, die ständig an wachsende Literatur über dieses Werk zu verfolgen und zu diskutieren. Because the Inverse Ratio confines within itself many Direct Ratios, the constant of the former displays itself not merely as a Quantitative, but also as a Qualitative Limit. This is Contradiction. Simply put ground is the "essence of essence," which for Hegel arguably means the lowest, broadest rung in his ontology because ground appears to fundamentally support his system. The Inverse Ratio is a ratio, x:y, in which the relation between both sides is expressed in a constant which is their product, i.e., Whereas formerly with the Direct Ratio, the quotient between the two terms was fixed, in the Inverse Ratio it becomes alterable. "[25] At this point the Limit ceases to play its mediating role between Something and Other, i.e., is negated, and is taken back into the self-identity―the Being-Within-Self―of the Something to become that Something’s Limitation, the point beyond which that Something will cease to be. The Preface to the second edition is dated 7 November 1831, just before his death on 14 November 1831. The nature of the Substrate is not tied, like the Something was, to a merely external Qualitative appearance, but represents the underlying unity of a variety of internally determined appearances, which are its States. From the newly acquired standpoint of immediacy, Becoming becomes Determinate Being as Such, within which Being and Nothing are no longer discrete terms, but necessarily linked moments that it has "preserved" within itself. In other words, the differences between all the determinations of Being, namely the Quantitative difference and the inverse ratio of factors, are no longer self-subsistent, but in fact are mere moments in the expression of the implicit unity that rules them and, themselves, "are only through their repulsion from themselves." Die Wirklichkeit der Vernunft. georo wilhelm friedrich hegel samtliche werke herausgegeben von georg lasson band iv: wissenschaft der logik zweiter teil verlag von felix meiner in leipzig georg wilhelm friedrich hegel wissenschaft der logik herjfujsgegeben von georg lasson zwhite auflage mit einer vergleichenden seitenobersicht zweiter teil der philosophischen bibliothek band 57 Limitation and the Ought are the twin, self-contradictory moments of the Finite. Hrsg. Things are Like each other insofar as they are not Unlike each other and vice versa: the two terms are mutually exclusive insofar as they refer to the same thing, but in themselves, apart from the things they refer to, there is no difference between them. Buch - Die Lehre vom Wesen Erster Abschnitt - Das Wesen als Reflexion in ihm selbst G.W.F. Wissenschaft der Logik by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Hegel: New. Finally, content is the unity of form and determinate matter. 1-2. by Hegel Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Hegel (German) Paperbac. A ratio, such as x:y, is a Direct Ratio if both terms of the ratio are delimited by a single Quantum, a constant, k (what Hegel calls in the language of his day the "exponent" of the ratio). The absolute nothingness of Essence forms the background to any and all of the determinations it chooses to Reflect itself off of. Thus Hegel's Science of Logic includes among other things analyses of being, nothingness, becoming, existence, reality, essence, reflection, concept, and method. It is the Intensive side of Quantity (see above) such as it relates to specific Real Measures that determines its Qualitative behaviour when subject to changes in Extensive Quantity. What something was, was determined entirely by that which differentiated it from what it wasn't, i.e., it was negatively determined by its Other. Third Jena system. Funfter Band: Zweiter Theil, Die Subjektive Logik, Oder. It therefore contains Many identical Ones, but in their coalescence, they have lost their mutual Exclusion, giving us a simple, undifferentiated sameness. However, once we have established a Quantitative ratio between two or more Qualities, we can give this ratio an independent existence that Quantitatively unites things that are Qualitatively distinct. It is the Ideal One of Infinite Being, which, for Hegel, actually makes it more "real" than the merely Real Many. Nuremberg: Johann Leonhard Schrag, 1812-1816. Translated by George di Giovanni, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. This is the subject of Book One: The Doctrine of Being. Zweiter Band. )[18], Something is now no longer only an isolated something, but is in both positive and negative relationship to the Other. [83], This Substrate, as what persists through the succession of States, is in a relation of Absolute Indifference to every particular determination—be it of quality, quantity or measure—that it contains. 6. Georg Hegel, Enzyklopädie der Philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse. Download books for free. Friedrich Hogemann and Walter Jaeschke, Gesammelte Werke, Band 21 (Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1985) and Wissenschaft der Logik. [32], This move is highly significative of Hegel's philosophy because it means that, for him, "[it] is not the finite which is the real but the infinite." Therefore, the first Number of the ratio completely loses its independent significance and only functions as a determinate Quantum in relation to an other. Diese Reihe behandelt die "subjektive Logik" (Begriffslogik) in Hegels Werk "Wissenschaft der Logik". At the same time, however, they completely exclude one another and in fact rely on this exclusion for their self-subsistence. This reconstituted unity that thus comes out of Diversity is c) Opposition. The True infinite bears the same relation of mediation to these moments as Becoming did to Being and Nothing and as Alteration did to Something and Other. Hegel claims this is the mode of thought that corresponds to ancient skepticism as well as the "modern" idealism of Leibniz, Kant, and Fichte. [62] This irresolvable self-contradiction within Quantum yields (b) the Quantitative Infinite Progress. They are not Positive and Negative merely in comparison with one another, but each contains within itself the other as an essential element of its own determination. in seiner eigenen immanenten Tätigkeit oder, was dasselbe ist, in seiner notwendigen Entwicklung darzustellen. Science of Logic (SL; German: Wissenschaft der Logik, WdL), first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined his vision of logic. These two aspects, however, are the constitutive moments of one and the same overall determination. A given determination, as seen from its Positive aspect, is Likeness reflected back onto itself off of Unlikeness. Science of Logic is too advanced for undergraduate students so Hegel wrote an Encyclopaedic version of the logic which was published in 1817. This relationship, however, is then reflected back into the Something as isolated, i.e., in-itself, and bestows upon it further determinations. Once having been accomplished through mediation, their unity then becomes immediate. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Werke. It is therefore indeterminate and unalterable. [61], Although a particular Quantum, of its own inner necessity, points beyond itself, this beyond is necessarily an Other Quantum. This role is entirely taken up by Essence which is pure mediation relative to Illusory Being's pure immediacy. Burkhardt, Bernd. Vierter Band: Erster Theil, Die Objective Logik; Zweite Abtheilung, Die Lehre Vom Wesen. Die völlige Umänderung, welche die philosophische Denkweise seit etwa fünfundzwanzig Jahren unter uns erlitten, der höhere Standpunkt, den das Selbstbewußtsein des Geistes in dieser Zeitperiode über sich erreicht hat, hat bisher noch wenig Einfluß auf die Gestalt der Logik gehabt. The process of Being's transition to the Notion as fully aware of itself is outlined in Book Two: The Doctrine of Essence, which is included in the Objective division of the Logic. The two Qualities are no longer distinct, mutually exclusive determinations, but together comprise a single whole. (Some light spotting.) At the end of the book Hegel wraps all of the preceding logical development into a single Absolute Idea. [41], The original transition of Being and Nothing to Determinate Being is again echoed here in the sphere of Being-for-Self. [78], The Quantity/Quality dialectic manifests itself in the realm of Elective Affinity in that a Real Measure within in a series will not necessarily resonate Qualitatively with those in another series even if they bear a proportional Quantitative relationship. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by Project Gutenberg. The file will be sent to your email address. Therefore, while the Essentialities are absolutely Identical in their shared nothingness, their absolute negativity, they are equally absolutely Different in their determinations, their relative negativity. The Rule is an arbitrary external standard or Amount that measures something other than itself. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Wissenschaft der Logik Inhaltsverzeichnis. The two sides posit and negate each other simultaneously, and in doing so they no longer destroy each other, but preserve one another. These moments now re-emerge as Being-in-Itself, i.e., Something as Something only insofar as it is in opposition to the Other; and Being-for-Other, i.e., Something as Something only insofar as it is in relation to the Other. In … He thought that, as it had hitherto been practiced, this science demanded a total and radical reformulation "from a higher standpoint." So if we are an external party concerned with a specific determination of Identity, the moment of Difference, though intrinsic to the fact of this Identity, is very far from our minds. Vol.III with 2 title-pages. In the sphere of Reflection, however, any determination posited by Essence is, as a determination, necessarily Different from the absolute negativity that is its Essence. Wissenschaft der Logik by Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831. Das Bewußtsein ist der Geist als konkretes, und zwar in der Äußerlichkeit befangenes Wissen; aber die Fortbewegung dieses Gegenstandes beruht allein, wie die Entwicklung alles natürlichen und geistigen Lebens, auf der Natur der reinen We- In fact, the specific Quality of a particular Real Measure is in part registered by the other Real Measures it has a special Affinity for, that is, how it responds to Quantitative Alteration. Hegels »Wissenschaft der Logik« (1812/1816) zählt zu den einflussreichsten philosophischen Schriften der Neuzeit. As stated above, both the Positive and the Negative are each self-subsistent on their own, but it is a self-subsistence that is immediately obliterated by the other's. Quantity is a Continuous Magnitude when seen as a coherent whole; as a collection of identical Ones, it is a Discrete Magnitude. The Being-for-Other of Finitude has become the (b) Being-for-One of Infinity. The transition to Essence occurs when these determinations reabsorb this unity back into themselves, i.e., they sublate it. Betydningsfuld forelæsning, der er den eneste, Hegel selv udgav. Free shipping . [49], The previous determinations of Being-for-Self have now become the sublated moments of Pure Quantity. Now, with Absolute Indifference as our standpoint, every possible Qualitative determination is already implicitly related to every other by means of a Quantitative ratio. Hegel wrote Science of Logic after he had completed his Phenomenology of Spirit and while he was in Nuremberg working at a secondary school and courting his fiancée. "[30], This affirmation of the Infinite, however, carries with it a negative relation to an other, the Finite. Find books Hegel [77], If we adopt the constant of one specific Real Measure as our Unit, the constants of other Real Measures can be brought into relation to it as Amounts in a (b) series of Measure relations. Und doch widersprechen sich selbst 200 Jahre bestimmte Interpretationen des Werkes vollkommen. This total dependence on Essence means that there is nothing any longer in Being itself upon which any of its own determinations can be based, i.e., there is no longer any mediation within Being. Die objektive Logik. Die Wissenschaft der Logik ist ein zweibändiges Werk des Philosophen Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), das zwischen 1812 und 1816 zuerst in Nürnberg erschien. Auf der Phänomenologie des Geistes aufbauend soll hier eine ontologisch-metaphyische Logik entwickelt werden, die an die antike Logos-Philosophie anschließt. What saves Essence from falling back into the relativism of Determinate Being is the very radical and absolute distinction from Being that defines it as Essence in the first place. As moments, Identity and Difference require each other and are bound up with one another: one term could not exist without the other. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books you've read. These Determinations of Reflection—formerly known as Determinate Beings when they were in the realm of Quality (see above)—therefore share in the nullity that undergirds them. The Difference of Reflection, therefore, is different in relation to its own self, and so it is not relative but a) Absolute Difference. [REVIEW] R. Bernasconi - 1985 - Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain 12:21-23. These various factors are the grounds for his holding office. Die subjective Logik. This Measure necessarily involves variable magnitudes since the Qualitatively distinct ways in which different things relate to Quantity can only be registered in their respective rates of increase or decrease relative to each other. Downloads: 2,085. Hegel toimi jonkun aikaa journalistina ja meni naimisiin Marie von Tucherin kanssa vuonna 1811. It is neither a Determinate Being, nor a Something, nor a Constitution, etc.

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