2004 April-May - Photographic evidence emerges of abuse of Iraqi prisoners by US troops at Abu Ghreib prison in Baghdad. A temple to the moon god Nanna, or Sin, was situ… 2014 December - The Iraqi government and the leadership of the Kurdish Region sign a deal on sharing Iraq's oil wealth and military resources, amid hopes that the agreement will help to reunite the country in the face of the common threat represented by Islamic State. 2004 June - US hands sovereignty to interim government headed by Prime Minister Iyad Allawi. 2006 April - Newly re-elected President Talabani asks Shia compromise candidate Nouri al-Maliki to form a new government, ending months of deadlock. Kurdish forces, US and Iran assist government in repelling attacks. 1991 Mid-March/early April - Southern Shia and northern Kurdish populations - encouraged by Iraq's defeat in Kuwait - rebel, prompting a brutal crackdown. Brief Overview of the History of Iraq. The citizens were horrifically abused, the economy failed and Hussein stole from the banks. 2014 September - Shia politician Haider al-Abad forms a broad-based government including Sunni Arabs and Kurds. 1998 December - US and British Operation Desert Fox bombing campaign aims to destroy Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programmes. By the year-end the UN estimates the 2013 death toll of civilians as 7,157 - a dramatic increase in the previous year's figure of 3,238. The region of Mesopotamia came under Arab influence in 636 AD and it was the Arabs who were first to call the country “Iraq” meaning “the fertile”. During the same year, Britain H����o�0���������S�C��j��[�N�4qO:�����AZe���8���x����|������ano�f�h2]rX�t�^P��H��h�py�����yY��k*���G�{za[Gwi4IS�M$u�:-�k�F3�!�G#���y͟H�.��C3�9�08 �%Ӛ�F^��j��0j 93��&��Q����i��B�0I�3�9�V��c�Nl�h&�5 ��拸X��7��}���*������l�x���S�E�$� ��ҝ�o�o��Mָ�"¢��-{�%�Z�t Establishment of the Arab Union, 1958. It is the first major summit to be held in Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein. What is happening in Iraq in 3500BCE. Arrest warrant issued for vice-president Tariq al-Hashemi, a leading Sunni politician. history.state.gov 3.0 shell. 2009 June - US troops withdraw from towns and cities in Iraq, six years after the invasion, having formally handed over security duties to new Iraqi forces. The Way Forward: Iraq and the United States in the Aftermath of War The 2010s will mark a century since World War I, the global conflict that resulted in the construction of Iraq from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire and also stimulated the rise of the United States to great power status. 2008 November - Parliament approves a security pact with the United States, under which all US troops are due to leave the country by the end of 2011. �fr��ȉ��ȣ�Vz LX�4r�%Ca�a��!�PXlb0B��X2!���{ �Ň:%�j=N�) ��b�����y���sU$h��%�^�t"�����$O�Lܴ�����h����}^�d9̋�������g���Q�^;�K�L�fU{�G�._�J��eU�*j#�B��������#�P���()��X�ʱU�6?��}���� ��� endstream endobj 640 0 obj 617 endobj 641 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /BCNEMI+TimesNewRomanPSMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 647 0 R >> endobj 642 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 564 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 444 444 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCNEMI+TimesNewRomanPSMT /FontDescriptor 641 0 R >> endobj 643 0 obj << /Type /ExtGState /SA false /OP false /op false /OPM 0 /BG2 /Default /UCR2 /Default /TR2 /Default /HT /Default /CA 1 /ca 1 /SMask /None /AIS false /BM /Normal /TK true >> endobj 644 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 27544 /Length1 45532 >> stream 2002 November - UN weapons inspectors return to Iraq backed by a UN resolution which threatens serious consequences if Iraq is in "material breach" of its terms. 1534 - 1918 - Region is part of the Ottoman Empire. Between 65,000 BC and 35,000 BC, northern Iraq was home to a Neanderthal culture, archaeological remains of which have been discovered at Shanidar Cave This same region is also the location of a number of pre-Neolithic cemeteries, dating from approximately 11,000 BC. 0000000731 00000 n 1981 June - Israeli air raid destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor at Osirak near Baghdad. 0000002194 00000 n Until 1968, Iraq was one of the countries which had witnessed coups most frequently, but after that year, no coups occurred. Major cities: Mosul, 3,000,000 Basra, 2,300,000 Arbil, 1,294,000 Kirkuk, … Read about our approach to external linking. Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China. 1932 - Mandate ends, Iraq becomes independent. Call My Agent star joins plea to reopen French theatres, A shrinking river sparks a fight for water access, ‘Please don’t lend Kenya more money’. It is the first Sunni province to be returned to to the Shia-led government. He appoints Adel Abdul Mahdi as prime minister, with the support of the Shia majority of MPs. Unity government faces disarray. 2012 March - Tight security for Arab League summit in Baghdad. The very important event which follows the revolution is the eight-year-long war between Iran and Iraq that began in 1980. Pegged to either the British Pound or the U.S. dollar, the Iraqi Dinar was completely stable before the chaos of Mr. Hussein began.From 1980 to 2003, Iraq was terrorized by Saddam Hussein. 2008 March - Prime Minister Maliki orders crackdown on militia in Basra, sparking pitched battles with Moqtada Sadr's Mehdi Army. [ �H�@�d��,�����s����\����Z�F2�a C�L!���Ca��ǰ/� Marr’s Modern History of Iraq avoids this temptation and presents readers with a highly informative and sensitive account that does justice to the country’s complicated political and social history. Commander of US forces says his troops face low-intensity guerrilla-style war. 2012 November - Iraq cancels a $4.2bn deal to buy arms from Russia because of concerns about alleged corruption within the Iraqi government. By July the country is described as being yet again in a state of full-blown sectarian war. 2004 November - Major US-led offensive against insurgents in Falluja. 1996 September - US extends northern limit of southern no-fly zone to just south of Baghdad. Iraq leaves the pro-British Baghdad Pact. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Are pay-by-the-minute booths the future of work? � Z:t�J��8��e�^wp����Qeۢ�4�� History of Iraq. A massive US-led military campaign forces Iraq to withdraw in February 1991. The recent history of Iraq is fraught with almost unabated military conflict, at a great cost to the Iraqi government and people. 2010 August - Seven years after the US-led invasion, the last US combat brigade leaves Iraq. 2011 December - US completes troop pull-out. First US-Iraq war. Ibrahim Jaafari, a Shia, is named as prime minister. Sunni bloc boycotts parliament and cabinet. 2014 June-September - Sunni rebels led by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant surge out of Anbar Province to seize Iraq's second city of Mosul and other key towns. The Islamic State of Iraq group says it was responding to alleged Iraqi Kurdish support for Kurds fighting jihadists in Syria. 1958 - The monarchy is overthrown in a left-wing military coup led by Abd-al-Karim Qasim. 0000001228 00000 n 2017 November - Government forces with Shia and Kurdish allies drive Islamic State out of all but a few redoubts. Myanmar ambassador to UK 'locked out' of embassy, Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China. trailer << /Size 650 /Info 624 0 R /Root 632 0 R /Prev 276528 /ID[<9deb2d77b17f6bc06f4247192f1812bf><1002f1f4764565f87ee17091a5d4df7c>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 632 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 627 0 R /Metadata 625 0 R /Outlines 159 0 R /OpenAction [ 634 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 623 0 R /StructTreeRoot 633 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20030606163332)>> >> /LastModified (D:20030606163332) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 633 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 163 0 R /ClassMap 166 0 R /K 491 0 R /ParentTree 534 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 36 >> endobj 648 0 obj << /S 626 /O 714 /L 730 /C 746 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 649 0 R >> stream History of Iraq. 1990 - Iraq invades and annexes Kuwait, prompting what becomes known as the first Gulf War. Let's start this lesson off by thinking about a cradle. 1991 April - UN-approved haven established in northern Iraq to protect the Kurds. 2013 April - Sunni insurgency intensifies, with levels of violence matching those of 2008. 0000001087 00000 n H�b```f``9��d�32 � +�0pl2fvV6Rtd`d ��$M�q��P����x@�{s)�?r ,*�CֱMf��X����젢!��k���I�!��]A�]� �6~���Q׶�r8�m��ۺ���\������ ��n\Ue�rOwrȄN��[SX�%Ŏ�T�;�����3�� It has been ruled by the Babylonians, the Hittites, the Kassites, the Chaldeans, the Greeks, the Romans, the Iranians, and finally the Muslims who began their conquest in the early 7th century. 0000032429 00000 n 2014 April - Prime Minister Al-Maliki's coalition wins a plurality at first parliamentary election since 2011 withdrawal of US troops, but falls short of a majority. The land of Iraq is often called the "Cradle of Civilization" because the oldest civilization in the world, the Sumerians, was formed here. Read about our approach to external linking. 0000003981 00000 n 0000004586 00000 n 1920 - League of Nations approves British mandate in Iraq, prompting nationwide revolt. 2002 September - US President George W Bush tells UN Iraq poses "grave and gathering danger". Evidence for a very advanced culture from Abraham’s day has been unearthed at Ur. 0000004793 00000 n VideoCovid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China, India ignores Covid surge to hold IPL cricket tournament, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised' Video'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised'. The region that is now included in the somewhat artificial nation-state of Iraq has had a very important role in world history. 2010 March - Elections. In March 2003, U.S. forces invaded Iraq vowing to destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and end the dictatorial rule of Saddam … 1995 April - UN allows partial resumption of Iraq's oil exports to buy food and medicine in an oil-for-food programme. 2013 September - Series of bombings hits Kurdistan capital Irbil in the first such attack since 2007. On May 28, 1958, the United States recognized the Arab Union that formed between Iraq and the … 2017 September - Kurds back independence in referendum staged by Kurdish regional government. Iraq was under British rule for 17 years, and Ottoman rulefor centuries. Parliament approves new government of all major factions in December. 2007 December - Britain hands over security of Basra province to Iraqi forces, effectively marking the end of nearly five years of British control of southern Iraq. 0000003725 00000 n How do you weigh up the risks of the AZ vaccine? 1941 - Britain re-occupies Iraq after pro-Axis coup during Second World War. Located ten miles southwest of Nasiriyah, Ur is most famous as the hometown of Abraham. He migrated from Ur to Haran in southern Turkey, the actual homeland of the Patriarchs, and then to Canaan (Genesis 11:31; 12:1-5). 2011 January - Radical Shia cleric Moqtada Sadr returns after four years of self-imposed exile in Iran. In Arabic, the name Iraq means“deeply rooted, well watered; fertile.” The name has been in use since before the sixth century. The most important of the world's agricultural revolutions took place in the mountains to the north of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Valley somewhere around 6000 BCE. Blood clot is 'very rare AstraZeneca side effect'. �I��Z��a-ve����õ�!��D���Ҽ1j2�PT�z5>����hSQr��m �H瘸N�:)��%��L=���Y�N�n�Ť�H;�h葰cO58�;��� Video, Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised' Video, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised', 'Strong' evidence found for a new force of nature, Navalny 'losing sensation in legs and hands', Kardashian tries to get photo wiped off the web, Jabs 'breaking link' between UK cases and deaths, Beijing now has more billionaires than any city, Celebrity model arrested in Myanmar coup crackdown, Hong Kong citizens given 'support' to come to UK, What we know about India's coronavirus vaccines, Sri Lanka beauty queen injured in on-stage bust-up. Four years later, the British colonial government helped set up the Hashemite monarchy2 in Iraq. 2019 September-November - At least 400 people die in protests against unemployment and corruption in cities including the capital Baghdad, prompting Adel Abdul Mahdi to tender his resignation. 1963 - The Baathist government is overthrown, but seizes power again five years later. 1968 - A Baathist led-coup puts Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr in power. Army offensive drives back Kurdish forces in a move aimed at halting the regional government's moves towards an independent Kurdistan. Tens of thousands flee amid atrocities. 2004 March - Suicide bombers attack Shia festival-goers in Karbala and Baghdad, killing 140 people. 2005 January - Elections for a Transitional National Assembly. 631 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 634 /H [ 1228 642 ] /L 289278 /E 74912 /N 34 /T 276539 >> endobj xref 631 19 0000000016 00000 n © 2021 BBC. 2006 June - Al-Qaeda leader in Iraq, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, is killed in an air strike. This text weaves together several important themes, including the search for a national identity, the struggle to achieve social and economic development, the changes in political dynamics, and the impact of … One of the most important developments in world history is taking place in Mesopotamia.Here, on the flood plains of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, the fertile soil brought down from the mountains by the great rivers has given rise to much denser populations than anywhere else in the world. 2. 2003 December - Saddam Hussein captured in Tikrit. 2003 August - Suicide truck bomb wrecks UN headquarters in Baghdad, killing UN envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello. April 9, 2003 — 10.00am. 1917 - Britain seizes Baghdad during First World War. The EU's medicines regulator finds the benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine outweigh the risks. 0000002505 00000 n 2007 September - Controversy over private security contractors after Blackwater security guards allegedly fire at civilians in Baghdad, killing 17. Others tie Iraq’s “bloody history,” as many have described it, to the preponderance of groups vying for power. 2006 February onwards - A bomb attack on an important Shia shrine in Samarra unleashes a wave of sectarian violence in which hundreds of people are killed. In June 1967, Iraq sent a token force to the Jordanian front. 2013 October - Government says October is deadliest month since April 2008, with 900 killed. Before Saddam Hussein’s upset of the economy, the Iraqi Dinar had a stable exchange rate of almost $4.00 USD at its peak. 2005 May onwards - Surge in car bombings, bomb explosions and shootings: government puts civilian death toll for May at 672, up from 364 in April. 1974 - Iraq grants limited autonomy to Kurdish region. 1988 March - Iraq attacks Kurdish town of Halabjah with poison gas, killing thousands. Just after explosions began to … 2005 October - Voters approve a new constitution, which aims to create an Islamic federal democracy. 2018 May - Parliamentary elections. Iraq has been a hotbed of political turmoil throughout its history. "A History of Iraq" is an excellent, readable narrative covering Iraq's modern period from its creation out of the Ottoman Empire through today. On March 19, 2003, the United States, along with coalition forces primarily from the United Kingdom, initiates war on Iraq. Iraq was transformed beyond recognition socially and in lots of other ways. In 1917, Iraq became a British protectorate1. Car bomb in Najaf kills 125 including Shia leader Ayatollah Mohammed Baqr al-Hakim. War in Iraq begins. 0000001870 00000 n Kurdish leadership agrees to put independence referendum on hold. 2015-2016 - Government and Islamic State forces fight for control of Tikrit and Anbar Province. A massive US-led military campaign forces Iraq to withdraw in February 1991. That may seem like a strange way to start a history lesson, but think about what it is - a place where a baby sleeps, right? 2006 November - Iraq and Baathist Syria restore diplomatic relations after nearly a quarter century. The Modern History of Iraq is a remarkably readable account of the emergence of contemporary Iraq, placing in historical perspective the crises and upheavals that continue to afflict the country. Arab Influence. 3. P�g! Iraq had a stable history until the year 1980. 2018 October - Parliament elects veteran Kurdish politician Barham Salih as president. Capital and Major Cities. 1921 - After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Great Britain gains control of the … This video shows how Iraq Went from a Pro-British Hashemite Dynasty to a modern Republic Facing Conflict from the Foreign Nations that had intervened in Iraq for a Century. Government forces recapture Ramadi but face entrenched rebels in Falluja. 0000002265 00000 n In the medieval era, Iraq was the name of an Arab province that made up the southern half of the modern-day country. 0000001848 00000 n 0000032508 00000 n 2005 April - Amid escalating violence, parliament selects Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani as president. That war is one of the single largest unappreciated great events of modern Middle Eastern history. What happens to your body in extreme heat? 1963 - Prime Minister Qasim is ousted in a coup led by the pan-Arab Baath Party. 2003 March - US-led invasion topples Saddam Hussein's government, marks start of years of violent conflict with different groups competing for power. 1998 October - Iraq ends cooperation with UN Special Commission to Oversee the Destruction of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction. Baghdad imposes punitive measures. 2005 June - Massoud Barzani is sworn in as regional president of Iraqi Kurdistan. A brief history of Iraq. ... * Mesopotamia was the name for the ancient region where modern Iraq now stands. After the war, the Soviets replaced weapons destroyed by Israel and offered the Iraqis financial aid, which helped establish Iraq as a military power. 2004 August - Fighting in Najaf between US forces and Shia militia of radical cleric Moqtada Sadr. 2005 December - Iraqis vote for the first, full-term government and parliament since the US-led invasion.

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